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HSC 210 and HSC 225: In-text citations

In-Text Examples

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk of foot ulcers.3       
                                     
"...as has been the conclusion of this author."6          
    

As reported previously,1                                    

The results were as follows14:   

Several interventions have been successful at increasing compliance.11, 14-16        

The data of Smith et al18 is further evidence of this effect.                                   

 Dr. Roberts findings 11(p58)                                                                                                                             

Block Quotations

If you use a quote more than four lines or forty words, the material you use should be set off in a block in a reduced type and without the quotation marks. The quote must be single spaced and indented.

For example:                              

Some students considered it intrusive that faculty should even be enquiring about their Facebook use, as they considered this too personal a topic for discussion. Others expressed concern that faculty's expectations around their online activities were unreasonable. Others took the view that they should be able to post what they like as long as they could control who has access.1(p10)

In-text Images and Figures

If you include an image’s source in your reference list, then you can insert a brief acknowledgement below the picture with a superscript number.

If you do not include the image’s source in your reference list, then provide all information in the acknowledgement below the picture.

Appendix citing

Appendices are cited in the text as a table or figure would be cited (eg, Appendix 1) and are usually placed at the end of the article before references.

General Guidelines

  • Use superscript numerals outside periods and commas, and inside colons and semicolons.
  • Superscript numerals are placed outside quotation marks.
  • Specific page numbers are cited when using the same source more than once. This will help the reader know more precisely where the information came from. Place the page numbers in parenthesis after the superscript citation.
  • Cited works are numbered in order of initial appearance in the text, and appear in the reference list in numerical order.